dukai_mp1_2011.pdf

Cycl i ng i n and around
Cassi netta di
Lugagnano
Balzs Dukai, IMLA 2011 / I. Trimester
IMLA 2011
Tabl e of contents
........................................................................................................................................ Site visit! 2
....................................................................................................... Cassinetta di Lugagnano! 2
........................................................................................................................................ Analysis! 3
..................................................................................... DPSIR diagram for Naviglio Grande! 3
...................................................... Targets of the spatial plans regarding the Navigli area! 4
......................................................................... DSR diagram for Cassinetta di Lugagnano! 4
........................................................................... Sustainability in Cassinetta di Lugagnano! 5
......................................................................................................................... Denition! 5
...................................................................................................... Goals of sustainability! 6
............................. Dening the scope and initial considerations regarding the proposal ! 6
....................................................................................................................................... Proposal! 8
................................................................................................................... The shortest path! 9
....................................................................................... Examples for bicycle lane design! 11
................................................................................... Criteria for success and monitoring! 13
..................................................................................................................................... Appendix! 14
.......................................................................................................................... GIS analysis! 14
..................................................................................................... Connectivity analysis! 14
................................................................................................... Shortest path analysis! 15
............................................................................................................... Morphological box! 16
....................................................................... Clarication and specication of the task! 17
.................................................................................................................. Primary task! 17
............................................................................ Secondary task The requirements! 17
..................................................................... Denitions of functions and their structure! 18
............................................................ Searching for solution principles and structures ! 18
...................................................... Piano Territoriale Regionale d'Area Navigli Lombardi! 20
IMLA 2011 / I. Trimester Balzs Dukai
Cycling in and around Cassinetta di Lugagnano! 1
Si te vi si t
Cassinetta di Lugagnano
In our meeting with Mr. Domenico Finiguerra, the mayor of Cassignetta di Lugagnano told us about the main
characteristics of the municipality. He said that the municipality decided to apply a growth zero policy because of
the following reasons:
to keep up the elds for food production
to protect the landscape
to protect the hydrology of the soils
to stop the urban sprawl and strengthen the society relations

To complement the missing income from urbanization taxation the municipality found other successful ways to
get money, such as risen taxes and promoting wedding tourism in the old villas in the village. According to the
mayor there is a growth of wedding- and local tourism, as well as in population (natural and immigration).
Regarding the employment, we got to know that most of the locals are commuting mostly to Milan or Magenta
and only a few of them working in the town in the agriculture (around 10 families) and in the arts & crafts sector.
My impressions are that Cassignetta has a good potential for a quality life. The fact that a restaurant rewarded by
a michelin star can operate protably in the center, somehow indicates the possibilities in the area. It is a small,
nice and compact village with italian character, narrow streets and continuos trafc. Mr. Finiguerra claims that the
locals would like to have better environment and cycle securely on the roads.
Furthermore the community and the mayor seems to be active and open even to uncommon innovations (e.g. the
zero growth policy). That means that future developments could be easily executed due to the community
approval.
Anal ysi s
DPSIR diagram for Naviglio Grande
During the initial phase of the project my rst thorough analysis was the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response
diagram. The aim was to identify how does the region operate. With dening the main driving forces (Drivers), and
through four steps the potentials and existing answers or measures to this drivers (Responses), I have managed
to highlight those areas that I would have liked to inuence with my work.
The result of the diagram was that the canals area basically in bad condition due to its loss of importance and
underuse, and with sustainable development the municipalities could provide high quality place for living, hereby
gaining popularity and importance. The municipality of Cassinetta di Lugagnano can be a good subject for a pilot
project because of under the Site visit described reasons (openness and willingness of the locals). The pilot
project ought to show a leading example for the municipalities alongside Naviglio Grande, how can sustainability
be achieved and what are the benets of it.
drivers
navigation and other transpor-

tation methods
irrigation
tourism mostly locals on daily

basis
urbanization
culture
economy
real estate market
navigation locks
irrigation gates
restaurants
high number of visitors
bridges
villas
use of other ways for trans-

portation instead of the canal
pressures
water quality
water availability
dangerous spots for bathing
only small ships can navigate through the

whole canal
rich cultural heritage
vivid nightlife in Navigli district, Milan
garbage and other pollution
Naviglio Grande is inferior in development

states
technical deterioration of the canal
the buildings along the canal mostly are in bad condi-

tion
prohibition of cycling, walking along Naviglio Grande
economically low importance of the canal and its

neighborhood
deterioration of the Naviglio Grande area
cultural/landscape heritage is endangered

impacts
cleaning the canal yearly
plans to restore the canal
connect the canal with Locarno and Venezia
develop the canal and its neighborhood
avoid cycling, walking prohibition
sustainable development of municipalities in

the Naviglio Grande area
responses
Targets of the spatial plans regarding the Navigli area
The aim of the spatial plan (Piano Territoriale Regionale d'Area Navigli Lombardi) analysis was to see what
developments are foreseen by the government and to nd connections between the project and regulation,
hereby placing the project into the framework of regulation. As highlighted in the gure (see in appendix), I have
found the following points as potential intervention areas
1
:
careful landscape design as an opportunity for the territorial attractiveness
protect and enhance biodiversity
infrastructure improvements to network and promote cultural heritage
reduce pollutant and climate changing emissions
reduce dependency on fossil energy

DSR diagram for Cassinetta di Lugagnano
As I described under the DPSIR diagram, I have found out the the municipality of Cassinetta di Lugagnano is a
suitable area for the project, so I decided to make a more specic analysis on the municipality. In this case I chose
the Driver-State-Response (DSR) diagram because I was curious weather this shortened circle still gives the
desired results.
The responses are showing that basically the reduction of vehicular trafc and local infrastructure development
could mitigate the bad impacts from the drivers.
1
I have used Google Translator for the italian-english translations, and didnt alter the translation results
drivers
labour market
housing needs
tourism mostly local recreation
need for cultural background/

heritage
food production
government/law
fast lifestyle
empty houses
loss of arable land
(local) recreation along Naviglio Grande
deterioration of cultural heritage
high trafc on the streets
prohibition of cycling/walking along

Naviglio Grande
weakening society relations
urban sprawl
increasing population
wedding tourism in villas

states
no build policy
protection of cultural landscape
raised taxes
short supply chain for local products
stop urban sprawl reduce commuting by car
strengthen society relations
high quality local infrastructure
employment opportunities in the municipality
reduce car trafc

responses
Sustainability in Cassinetta di Lugagnano
The results of the previous analysis can be summarized as the following:
during the site visit the mayor claimed that the locals want better environment the possibility to cycle safely on
the roads
the DPSIR diagram shows the the municipalities along Naviglio Grande should be developed in order to provide
better life quality and gain importance
the targets of the spatial plan can be summarized in protection of the environment, improve the attractiveness
of the territory and protect, promote cultural heritage
the DSR diagram points out that the urban sprawl and with that the vehicular trafc reduction, local
infrastructure development could be responses to the present conicts
If we have a look on the meaning and denition of sustainability, we can notice that the above mentioned
arguments pointing in the direction of sustainability. To explain it better, in the following I am going to describe the
meaning of sustainability.
Denition
The most widely quoted denition of sustainable development is described by the Brundtland Commission of the
United Nations on 20. March, 1987:
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs.
Besides, the 2005 World Summit
2
described that sustainability needs the reconciliation of the three
environmental, social and economical demands. Those are called the three pillars of sustainability.
However, this denition is very broad because it aimed to achieve many goals. Therefore the different sectors
describe sustainability always in the light of their own needs. For this project the denition of sustainable
community is suitable:
Figure : Representation of the relationship between the three pillars of sustainability
suggesting that both economy and society are constrained by environmental
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nested_sustainability-v2.gif
2
United Nations General Assembly (2005). 2005 World Summit Outcome, Resolution A/60/1, adopted by the
General Assembly on 15 September 2005
A sustainable community is one where development is not unlimited growth; rather it is the enhancement of what
already exists in the community. [...] Sustainable means that when problems arise, we look for solutions that take
into account all three parts of the community instead of applying a quick x in one area that causes problems in
another.
3
In this understanding my proposal should rather concentrate on the reuse or redevelopment of the givens instead
of proposing a complete new development.
Goals of sustainability
In order to make tangible targets for sustainable development in Cassinetta di Lugagnano I was looking for goals
and indicators of sustainable development. The literature
4
says that the sustainable development process must,
at a minimum,
be founded on the principles of sustainable development (see above the denition of sustainability)
guarantee a process of continuous improvement
be capable of succeeding, on the basis of dened success factors

To apply these goals for the municipality of Cassinetta di Lugagnano I have created more specic goals, such as:
protection of (local) cultural heritage buildings, landscape, traditional habits, language, crafts etc.
high quality local infrastructure buildings, system and personnel
energy efcient zero/low consumption buildings
short supply chain for local products
100% energy is from renewable sources
minimal land consumption
the pollution caused by the transportation starting from Cassignetta not exceeds the amount that the
environment can tolerate
effective waste management
the wastewater emission (by quantity or quality) is not more that the environment can tolerate
the solid waste is fully recycled either on spot or on other place

There are many goals that can be set in order to achieve a sustainable community, and the list above far from
complete, but enough in this level of the project. Because the aim was not to develop a thorough guideline for
sustainability but to see the main directions that are leading towards it.
Dening the scope and initial considerations regarding the proposal
Due to the given time limit and the idea of the assignment, for the rest of my project I have chosen one of the
above listed goals (see Goals of sustainability). That is the pollution caused by the transportation starting from
Cassignetta not exceeds the amount that the environment can tolerate. To achieve this a good starting point to
use those transportation modes that have minimal pollution emission. One of them is the bicycle.
Besides the absence of pollution there is several advantages of a bike, bicycle network, like
5
:
3
http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/29
4
Quality Criteria for a Sustainable Development Process: Guidance for Sustainable Development Actors within
Public Communities (2005), Federal Ofce for Spatial Development (ARE), Federal Department of Environment,
Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC)
5
Grava, Sigurd: Urban Transportation Systems Choices for Communities, 2004, McGraw-Hill, e-Book
direct access door-to-door service
low energy consumption
A single-occupancy automobile will consume 1860 calories to generate one passenger mile, and walking
will burn 100, while a person on a bike will carry himself or herself 1 mi for 35 calories.
6
(pp. 74.)
healthful exercise
space conservation
It occupies about 22 ft
2
(2 m
2
) when standing and 55 ft
2
(5 m
2
) when in motion. This corresponds to 270
ft
2
(25 m
2
) and at least 600 ft
2
(55 m
2
), respectively, for the automobile. (pp. 75.)
low public investment
low private expenses
a decent adult bike is around 300-600 Euro
no fuel and toll cost

6
M. C. Holcomb, Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 9 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1987).
Proposal
From the results of the analysis, it was clear that development in bicycle infrastructure could be a solution for part
of the present problems, and t well into the idea of sustainability. The initial considerations for this were,
it should use the existing road network because (see denition of sustainable community),
the aim of the development is to provide a competitive alternative to the cars usage for the daily commuters.
Therefore the road should bring its user (the biker) from A to B as fast as possible. So the emphasis is on the
everyday usage, not on recreational or touristic.
However, to dene the above described network some additional analysis was needed.
First of all, the connectivity of Cassinetta and its neighborhood was under the scope of analysis. I wanted to
know that how far people can get with a bike from the center of the municipality within 15, 30, 45 ,60 minutes. It
shows what is in the reach of an average every day biker. Because There is general consensus that very few
people would ride more than 10 mi (16 km) on a regular basis each day, which can be covered in less than 1
hour. Anything below 5 mi (8 km) can be considered a comfortable distance that should represent no difculty for
most cyclists.
7
(pp. 80.)
7
Grava, Sigurd: Urban Transportation Systems Choices for Communities, 2004, McGraw-Hill, e-Book
The shortest path
To perform such an analysis a GIS is the best tool. The results can be seen below, and the method explained in
the appendix.
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FURATO
OSSONA ARLUNO
MESERO
CASONE
ROVEDA
CASATE
CUSANO
VIGANO
OZZERO
ROSATE
BESATE
ASMONTE
MAGENTA
SORIANO
CERELLO
VILLAPIA
INVERUNO
CUGGIONO
SEDRIAMO
MERCALLO BAREGGIO VITTUONE
CORBETTA
CISLIANO
BESTAZZO
CASTERNO
GAGGIANO
VERMEZZO
VIGEVANO
CASOREZZO
BATTUELLO
ALBAIRATE
MANTEGAZZA
CASTELLETTO
PONTE NUOVO
PONTE VECCHIO
ABBIATEGRASSO
GUDO VISCONTI
SORIA VECCHIA
BERNATE TICINO
ZELO SURRIGONE
S.STEFANO TICINO
ROBECCO SUL NAVIGLIO
CASTELLETTO MANDOSIO
TREZZANO SUL NAVIGLIO
BOFFALORA SOPRA TICINO
CASSINETTA DI LUGAGNANO
0 8,000 16,000 4,000 Meters
Because a comfortable distance on a regular basis is below 8 km or 30 minutes I shrank the project area to the
30 minutes zone. Then I have chosen the two bigger cities within this zone as main destinations. The two cites
are Magenta (around 20.000 inh.) that is one of the main destinations for commuters (see Site visit), and
Abbiategrasso (around 30.000 inh.).
The distance you can reach from the center of Cassinetta di Lugagnano within
15 min (green), 30 min (yellow), 45 min (blue), 60 min (red)
Within those three cities then the points of interests (POIs), as potential destinations of commuters were dened.
For the sake of simplicity only tree type,
schools,
sport facilities,
and industrial zones.

The next step was to calculate the shortest path between the source (the center of Cassinetta) and these
destinations. This type of analysis did not consider any other factors, but the cost in kilometers. The result can
be seen below:
The two bigger cities in the neighborhood, Magenta (blue) and Abbiategrasso (dark grey)
Examples for bicycle lane design
Given the shortest routes to the desired destinations, I took a look on these roads to see how could them be
upgraded with (a) cycling lane(s). Because I had no pictures of the roads from the site visit, Google Streetview
was a great help, and in Google Earth I could roughly estimate the width of the lanes, shoulders and pathways.
For the proposals I have chosen 6 typical situations after analyzing the road network in Google Earth, to show
what could be done in those specic cases. Then I have used the so called morphological box method to
develop solutions for this 6 situations. The use of the method is detailed in the appendix.
The results are shown in the next gure. The full sized map can be found in the attachments.
OZZERO
MAGENTA
SORIANO
CERELLO
CORBETTA
CASTERNO
BATTUELLO
ALBAIRATE
PONTE NUOVO
PONTE VECCHIO
ABBIATEGRASSO
0 8,000 16,000 4,000 Meters
The shortest path from the center of Cassinetta to the POIs.
0DJHQWD
&DVVLQHWWDGL/XJDJQDQR
$EELDWHJUDVVR
Criteria for success and monitoring
To measure the results of a project it is necessary to set up different criteria. The criteria for success are more or
less essential, yes or no questions and if one of them fails the project most likely to fail. The criteria for monitoring
are more about measuring the development of the implementation. With the results evaluate the project and
show what additional measures should be taken if necessary.
Criteria for success Criteria for success Criteria for success
can be the concept realized on
the area?
is there a will to do it?
are the arguments convincing?
is the concept understandable for the

stakeholders?
are the benets/drawbacks described

clearly?
is the argumentation line

consistent?
are the phrases used/

dened clearly?
does the concept solve a real
and relevant problem?
does the road network provide
competitive alternative for cars?
is it safe?
is it convenient?
length
ground cover quality
road signs
Criteria for monitoring Criteria for monitoring Criteria for monitoring Criteria for monitoring
monitoring criteria monitoring criteria explanation and threshold
sustainability
indicator?
number of locals (%)
using bicycle on the de-
ned roads
in a daily basis
for recreation
measures the functionality attractiveness of

the road network
the derived data can be used as a basis for

future measures
daily basis: >10%
recreation: >25%
locals satisfaction with
the infrastructure
are they willing to
invest more in it?
measures how high the locals estimate the
road network
number of locals (%)
choosing bicycle for daily
commuting instead of a
car
choosing a bicycle instead of a car greatly

contributes to the reduction of air pollution
like green house gases and leads to
a sustainable future
a rate of 10% can be already put down as

success
X
minutes/capita spent
with cycling
regular body exercise keeps the people

healthy and results in better productivity,
less medical expenditures and more
sustainable living conditions
a rate of 15min/capita can be already put

down as success
X
Appendi x
GIS analysis
A good way to illustrate the process of a GIS analysis is the workow model. This is and active model made in
ArcGIS, what means that one can run the model and even adjust (e.g. change the input data) according to his
needs. Once the model is nished the whole analysis process can be replayed any times (with changed inputs as
well) without manually clicking on a map. This feature is very useful when for example the model needs to be
handed over to a municipality that has no GIS expert, because the model can be used already with basic GIS
knowledge.
Connectivity analysis
For the connectivity analysis I have used the Cost Distance tool. The average speed of the cyclist was 15 km/h,
according to Grava (2004). Because this tool cannot count with speed but distance, I needed distance thresholds
such as:
3750 m is the distance that someone can cover in 15 min going with 15 km/h
But the Cost Distance tool calculates with raster data and all my input data was vector based. Therefore, rst I
needed to convert the necessary shapeles into grids. Besides, none of the provided road networks seemed to
be complete, so it was necessary to merge them together in order to get more realistic result at the end. Then I
reclassied the data, leaving out the railways, canals, highways because those are not usable for bikers. When I
had everything prepared, then I could perform the Cost Distance analysis, as you can see in the model.
Shortest path analysis
To dene the shortest route from the center of Cassinetta to the POIs (schools, sport facilities, industrial zones) in
Magenta and Abbiategrasso I have used the Cost Path tool. The POIs as destinations were digitalized by hand
using Google Earth as source. Then using the output of the above described Cost Distance analysis and the
destination points the Cost Path analysis was done. I had to do it outside of the above described model due
to some technical problems. The result looks like this:
GIS model of the connectivity analysis. Blue ellipsisinput data, yellow square
tool, green ellipsisoutput data or interim result
Morphological box
The method is adapted from the VDI 2222 Part 1 Methodic Development of Solution Principles
8
guideline. It
begins with clarifying the task with a task statement, in my case:
Task: Development of bicycle infrastructure in Cassignetta di Lugagnano, Magenta and Abbiategrasso
bicycle infrastructure: road network quantity and quality (safety, technical quality of asphalt, road signs),
connectivity of important places (schools, recreational facilities, industrial zones)
Next step was to answer a few criteria regarding the further steps. My answers were looking like the followings.
As you can see, it provided information how to make the next steps.
1. is it necessary to gain more information?
a. location of important places
b. how wide is a bicycle lane in italy?
2. is it necessary to consult further experts?
a. no
3. which well known solutions could be implemented to the design?
a. road = one-way lanes for cars + bicycle lanes
4. might it be more successful to continue a more intuitive, holistic way of thinking in the solution searching
process?
a. continue with morphological, combining way of proceeding
OZZERO
MAGENTA
SORIANO
CERELLO
CORBETTA
CASTERNO
BATTUELLO
ALBAIRATE
PONTE NUOVO
PONTE VECCHIO
ABBIATEGRASSO
0 8,000 16,000 4,000 Meters
Shortest route from the center of Cassinetta di Lugagnano to schools,
sport facilities and industrial zones in Magenta and Abbiategrasso
8
VDI - Gesellschaft Produkt und Prozessgestaltung (1997/06): Konstrutionsmethodik - Methodisches Entwickeln
von Lsungsprinzipien
After this initial setup, the further procedure can be split up in 3 phases, as:
1. Clarication and Specication of the Task
2. Denition of Functions and Their Structures
3. Searching for Solution Principles and Structures
Clarication and specication of the task
Primary task
Development of bicycle infrastructure in Cassignetta di Lugagnano, Magenta and Abbiategrasso
Secondary task The requirements
Here, the requirements regarding the bicycle tracks are described by type to see their origin and priority of
fulllment. Then the List of requirements is the result of searching for secondary tasks.
Type of requirements
Different Aspect
Type of requirements Type of requirements
Terms Terms
Given fact
Origin
Priority of
Fulllment
Permissible
Tolerance
Aims
(ought to be achieved)
fast connection between important destinations
convenient ride
less stress level then with a car
safety
guidance
safe cycling on the roads
Restrictions
(usually given by the surround-
ings)
wideness of roads
type of roads
trafc load no data
Wishes
(ought possibly to be achieved)
asphalt
road signs
bike holders at destinations
Demands
(are to be fullled)
safety regulations
lane width: 1,5 m/2,5 m

bicycle lane separated from car
lane
Minimal or Maximal Demands
(limiting values are to be fullled)
Fixed Demands
(are to be fullled)
List of requirements List of requirements List of requirements List of requirements
Requirements Requirements Requirements
Type of
requirement
Description
Qualitative
Description
Qualitative
Value
Quantitative
1
fast connection between important
places
max. 30 minutes Aim
2 convenient ride Aim
3 solid pavement Wish
4
road signs showing the direction to
the settlements
Wish
5 width of the roads ca. 7 m Restriction
6 type of the roads no highway Restriction
7 lane width 1,5 m / 2,5 m Fixed Demand
8 bicycle lane separated from car lane 150 mm white stripe Demand
9 bike holders at destination points Wish
Denitions of functions and their structure
The primary task is: Development of bicycle infrastructure in Cassignetta di Lugagnano, Magenta and
Abbiategrasso
The basement of the peoples movement. The people are using their own energy. They have to be guided fast,
safe and convenient to their destination.
Functions Functions Functions Functions
Material
Energy
Information Information Information
People depart People cycling People arrive
Resistance A solid cover
which is usable - stable in all
weather conditions
Guidance The direc-
tions to their destination
Guidance The directions
to their destination
Safety People dont get
harmed on the road
Conveniency Less stress
level then with a car
Conveniency
Bike holder
Searching for solution principles and structures
In this phase the morphological box was used for the variation of effect carriers of the functions, as well as their
combination to an overall function.
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Phases Function Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle Principle
Models
Function
Action
Principle
Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Operation Structure Models
General
Functions
Effect Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier Suitable Partial Solution with Effect Carrier
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
articial
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
White line Stake Stake with
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
Flower box Different
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
trafc for
cars
Trafc
regulation
with trafc
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
6 Conveniency Bike holder Standing Laying Stacking
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Racks Lockers Indoor
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*7@#$"(A"3-.'-(B/98"#*-
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Models
Function
Action
Principle
General
Functions
Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 People
depart
Guide
effect
Road sign
showing
the
direction
and time
Map GPS Clock
2 Base for
movement
Type of
pavement
Asphalt Ground
stone
.0'7!')
Brick Cobble
3 Base for
movement
The use of
resources
Existing
roads
Existing
foot paths
New
bicycle
roads
Widening of
the roads
4 Safety Separation
of lanes
catenaries
Wall Crash
barrier
type of
pavement
Paved
shoulders
between
settlements
Colored
pavement
across the
entire lane
Elevation of
lane with a
few cm
5 Safety Trafc not
separated
One way
0.$7!$,.
cars
.$7!
regulation
3'0& 0.$7!
lights
Stenciled
bike symbol
Speed limit
with
elevator
system
Hooks on
the wall
Magenta
Cassinetta di Lugagnano
Abbiategrasso
Development of bicycle road network
Balzs Dukai
IMLA 2011 / I. Trimester
Main Project I.

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Cycl i ng i n and around

to keep up the elds for food production

to protect the landscape

to protect the hydrology of the soils

to stop the urban sprawl and strengthen the society relations

navigation and other transpor-

tourism mostly locals on daily

real estate market

high number of visitors

use of other ways for trans-

dangerous spots for bathing

only small ships can navigate through the

rich cultural heritage

vivid nightlife in Navigli district, Milan

garbage and other pollution

Naviglio Grande is inferior in development

technical deterioration of the canal

the buildings along the canal mostly are in bad condi-

prohibition of cycling, walking along Naviglio Grande

economically low importance of the canal and its

deterioration of the Naviglio Grande area

cultural/landscape heritage is endangered

cleaning the canal yearly

plans to restore the canal

connect the canal with Locarno and Venezia

develop the canal and its neighborhood

avoid cycling, walking prohibition

sustainable development of municipalities in

careful landscape design as an opportunity for the territorial attractiveness

protect and enhance biodiversity

infrastructure improvements to network and promote cultural heritage

reduce pollutant and climate changing emissions

reduce dependency on fossil energy

tourism mostly local recreation

need for cultural background/

loss of arable land

(local) recreation along Naviglio Grande

deterioration of cultural heritage

high trafc on the streets

prohibition of cycling/walking along

weakening society relations

wedding tourism in villas

protection of cultural landscape

short supply chain for local products

stop urban sprawl reduce commuting by car

strengthen society relations

high quality local infrastructure

employment opportunities in the municipality

reduce car trafc

guarantee a process of continuous improvement

be capable of succeeding, on the basis of dened success factors

high quality local infrastructure buildings, system and personnel

energy efcient zero/low consumption buildings

short supply chain for local products

100% energy is from renewable sources

minimal land consumption

effective waste management

the solid waste is fully recycled either on spot or on other place

direct access door-to-door service

low energy consumption

low public investment

low private expenses

a decent adult bike is around 300-600 Euro

no fuel and toll cost